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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 121(3): e20230487, Mar.2024. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1538030

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A adesão à uma alimentação adequada em macronutrientes é fundamental para a prevenção secundária de doenças cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de adesão às recomendações de consumo de ácidos graxos para prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, e estimar se a presença de determinados fatores de risco cardiovascular estaria associada à adesão. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com os dados de linha de base de 2358 participantes do estudo "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dados de consumo alimentar, e fatores de risco cardiovascular foram avaliados. Foi considerada, de acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, uma ingestão adequada de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) ≥10% do consumo total de energia diária, para ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM), 20% e para ácidos graxos saturados (AGS), <7%. Na análise estatística foi considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Nenhum participante aderiu a todas as recomendações de forma simultânea e mais da metade (1482 [62,9%]) não aderiu a nenhuma recomendação. A adesão exclusivamente à recomendação de AGS foi a mais prevalente, sendo cumprida por 659 (28%) dos participantes, seguida da adesão exclusivamente à recomendação de AGP (178 [7,6%]) e de AGM (5 [0,2%]). Não houve associação entre o número de comorbidades e a adesão às recomendações nutricionais (p =0,269). Os participantes da região Nordeste do país apresentaram maior proporção de adesão às recomendações para consumo de AGS (38,42%), e menor para ingestão de AGPI (3,52%) (p <0,001) em comparação às demais. CONCLUSÕES: Na amostra avaliada, evidenciou-se baixa adesão às recomendações nutricionais para consumo de ácidos graxos.

2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 20: eAO6648, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375345

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the level of body dissatisfaction among undergraduate medical students in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study with 232 volunteers of both sexes at a private college. The Body Shape Questionnaire was used, which is a tool based on the sum of values that allow classifying body dissatisfaction according to the following scores: less than 111, if absence of body dissatisfaction; between 111 and 138, if mild body dissatisfaction; between 139 and 167, if moderate body dissatisfaction, and from 168, if severe body dissatisfaction. In addition, the self-reported body mass index and an assertion were used to assess the degree and perception (insight) of body dissatisfaction. For the statistical analysis, descriptive comparison, and binary logistic regression tests were performed. Results The mean result of the Body Shape Questionnaire among women was 96.0±34.1 and among men, 76.7±24.7, with 26.3% of students with some level of dissatisfaction with self-image. Most participants (76.3%) wished to have a body mass index lower than the real one. Women (odds ratio of 5.7), overweight individuals (odds ratio of 6.1), and individuals with insight into their condition (odds ratio of 89.7) were more likely to be dissatisfied with the body image measured by the Body Shape Questionnaire. Conclusion The search for a thin body among undergraduate medical students is a reality. In addition to overweight individuals, the female population has a significant level of body distortion, being recognized as the highest rate of body dissatisfaction in the sample surveyed.

3.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 29(3): 390-402, Sept.-Dec. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057555

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: With the increase of childhood obesity, early intervention in nutrition education becomes necessary. Therefore, during the school period, the school becomes the best place for implementation of a nutritional education program. OBJECTIVE: The current study was carried out in a public and in a private school, with the objective of evaluating and comparing the results of the "Nutriamigos®" Program on food and nutrition knowledge of children with different socioeconomic levels, sex, age and Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: Comparative longitudinal study, before and after educational intervention. To evaluate the intervention, a public (school 1) and a private school (school 2) were selected. This was a random, convenience sample comparing students from different social and economic levels, consisting of 242 (school 1) and 99 children (school 2), respectively, totaling 341 children, from 6 to 10 years of age. The Body Mass Index was used to measure nutritional status. Knowledge about food and nutrition was evaluated through a questionnaire, applied before and after intervention. The nutritional intervention consisted of 12 classes of 50 minutes each. RESULTS: The improvement in knowledge on food and nutrition between the pre and post intervention stages was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The "Nutriamigos®" Program reached its goal, proving that it is effective in public and private schools and should not be different for boys or girls, or for children with normal or excessive weight.


INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento da obesidade infantil, torna-se necessária intervenção educacional nutricional desde a infância. Durante o período escolar, a escola se torna, portanto, o melhor local para a implementação de um programa de educação nutricional. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública e uma particular, com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar o resultado da intervenção do Programa "Nutriamigos®" no conhecimento sobre alimentação e nutrição, de crianças de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, sexo, idade e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) MÉTODO: Estudo longitudinal comparativo, antes e após intervenção educacional. Para a avaliação da intervenção foram selecionadas uma escola pública (escola 1) e uma particular (escola 2). Esta foi uma amostra de conveniência aleatória, comparando alunos de diferentes níveis sociais e econômicos, consistindo de 242 (escola 1) e 99 crianças (escola 2), respectivamente, totalizando 341 crianças, de 6 a 10 anos de idade. O Índice de Massa Corporal foi utilizado para mensurar o estado nutricional. O conhecimento sobre nutrição e alimentação foi avaliado por meio de um questionário de conhecimento, aplicado pré e pós intervenção. A intervenção nutricional constou de 12 aulas de 50 minutos cada. RESULTADOS: A melhora no conhecimento sobre alimentação e nutrição entre os estágios de pré e pós intervenção foi estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: O Programa "Nutriamigos®" atingiu o objetivo proposto, comprovando que é efetivo em escolas públicas e particulares e não deve ser diferenciado para meninos ou meninas, ou para crianças com peso normal ou excessivo.

4.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 46(1): 39-46, feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985392

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study aimed at describing the lipid profile of children with feeding difficulties (FD), as well as to verify the impact of clinical types of FD and other markers on the presence of dyslipidemias (DLP). It was a cross-sectional study with 61 children between 2 and 10 years old. The following data was collected from medical records: age, gender, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (months), dosages of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides (according to recommendations for age), type of FD, BMI z-score, dietary intake of carbohydrates and lipids (% energy intake), and daily consumption of milk (ml), fiber (g) and sugar sweetened beverages (SSB, ml). T-Student-test and ANOVA test were used, with a 5% significance level. Children were mostly picky eaters (55.7%), and 47.5% had dyslipidemia, mostly low HDL-c (27.6%) and hypertriglyceridemia (21.9%). No significant relationship was found between DLP and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.93), BMI (p> 0.40), type of FD (p> 0.26), or dietary characteristics (p> 0.12). Children with dyslipidemia tended to drink higher volumes of SSB when compared to recommended values (p= 0.044). The prevalence of DLP found was higher than the average shown in children. More studies are needed to prove if there is a true association between FD and dyslipidemia.


RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil lipídico de niños con dificultades alimentares (DA) y verificar el impacto de los tipos clínicos de DA y otros marcadores sobre la presencia de dislipemias (DLP). Se trató de un estudio transversal con 61 niños de 2 a 10 años. Se obtuvieron los datos de edad, sexo, duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva (meses), colesterol total, HDL, LDL, VLDL y triglicéridos (según las recomendaciones para la edad), tipo de DA, índice-z del IMC, consumo dietético de carbohidratos y lípidos (% energético), consumo diario de leche (ml), fibra (g) y bebidas endulzadas (SSB, ml). Se usaron pruebas T-Student y ANOVA, con nivel de significancia del 5%. Los niños fueron selectivos (55,7%) y el 47,5% dislipidémicos, principalmente con HDL-c bajo (27,6%) y hipertrigliceridemia (21,9%). No se encontró relación significante entre DLP y la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva (p= 0,93), el IMC (p> 0,40), el tipo de DA (p> 0,26) o las características dietéticas (p> 0,12). Los niños dislipidémicos tendieron a beber mayores volúmenes de SSB en comparación con los valores recomendados (p= 0,044). La prevalencia de DLP encontrada es más alta que el promedio que se muestra en niños. Se necesitan más estudios para demostrar asociaciones sólidas entre DA y dislipidemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Child , Dyslipidemias , Child Nutrition , Child Health
5.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(1): 104-109, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-990407

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar evidências atuais da relação entre transtorno obsessivo compulsivo e dificuldades alimentares. Métodos: Revisão das bases Science Direct e PubMed no período entre 2007 e 2017 em inglês, português e espanhol, com os termos em associação "transtorno obsessivo compulsivo" e "picky eating/dificuldade alimentar". Foram selecionados apenas estudos de coorte, caso controle ou transversal, realizados em qualquer país, com crianças, adolescentes e/ou adultos e de qualquer tamanho amostral. Foram excluídos os artigos de opinião. Resultados: Cerca de 245 artigos foram selecionados e apenas 4 foram incluídos no estudo, segundo critérios de seleção. Os trabalhos descrevem essencialmente que há diferença no comportamento seletivo entre os sujeitos com e sem transtorno obsessivo compulsivo, com tendência para exacerbação de sintomas como nojo, ansiedade e escore de inflexibilidade de comportamento alimentar nos pacientes com esse transtorno. Conclusões: Existem sintomas compartilhados entre transtorno obsessivo compulsivo e dificuldade alimentar. O estudo alerta aos profissionais que acompanham pacientes com dificuldades alimentares para a importância da investigação de possíveis comorbidades psiquiátricas.


ABSTRACT Objective: To review current evidence on the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and feeding difficulties. Methods: Review the Science Direct and PubMed databases between 2007 and 2017 in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The search terms, used in association, were "obsessive compulsive disorder" and "picky eating/feeding difficulty". Cohort, case control and cross sectional studies were included that analyzed children, adolescents and/or adults of any sample size from any country in the world. Opinion articles were excluded. Results: Around 245 articles were selected, and only 4 were included in this review, according to previous criteria. Results from the studies essentially described that there is indeed a difference in "picky" behaviors between subjects with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder tend to have exacerbated symptoms of disgust, anxiety and a higher eating behavior inflexibility score. Conclusions: Obsessive-compulsive disorder and feeding difficulties patients share common symptoms. The present study alerts health professionals who follow patients with feeding difficulties as to the importance of investigating possible psychiatric comorbidities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Behavioral Symptoms/diagnosis
6.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 42: 1-7, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-881544

ABSTRACT

Background: Iron deficiency anemia and feeding difficulties (FD) are common issues in childhood, reinforcing the concern about the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. FD do not necessarily reflect nutritional deficiencies, since they may or may not relate to specific nutrient sources. The objective of the study is to describe the prevalence of iron depletion and iron deficiency anemia in children with FD and to seek associations with diagnosis and its markers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 68 patients (convenience sample). The following data were assessed through medical records: age (months), gender, exclusive breastfeeding duration (months), birth weight (kg), iron supplementation, hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, repertory of foods consumed (food inventory and 3-day food record analysis), and diagnosis of FD. Data were classified according to references for age and were analyzed using correlation tests, Student's t test, ANOVA and chi-square test, or its nonparametric equivalents. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: Iron depletion and anemia were identified in 10.1 and 6% of children, respectively. Picky eating was diagnosed in 35.3%. Food repertory consisted on average of 21 foods, with null correlation to Hb and ferritin. The average fortified milk intake was 517 ml/day, with null correlation to Hb. There was no effect of diagnosis of FD on Hb (p = 0.18) or ferritin (p = 0.52). The same was verified in the children without supplementation, to both Hb (p = 0. 54) and ferritin (p = 0.08). Conclusions: No evidence of association between diagnosis of FD or repertory of foods to anemia or iron depletion was found, which could be a reassuring factor for caregivers. Reproduction in large scale as well as inclusion of dietary intake variables is suggested for further research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Feeding Behavior , Micronutrients/deficiency
7.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 17(3): 425-434, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013038

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to review the prevalence of family meals and its impact on BMI and eating habits during childhood and adolescence. Methods: reviews are from Bireme / Lilacs / Scielo / Cochrane and Pubmed, between 2000-2016 with descriptors "family meal or mealtime", "behavior", "nutrition or diet or consumption or eating", and "child or children or adolescence"; performed by two independent examiners, according to the systematic steps in English and Portuguese. The articles were selected based on prevalence and/ or discussion between nutritional variables. 2,319 articles were found, which 15 were selected all in English: systematic reviews (n=2), cross-sectional studies (n=8), longitudinal studies (n=8); all related to children (n=5), adolescents (n=6) and both (n=5). Results: the mean of shared meals was 1x/day, with a prevalence of 27 to 81%. Most studies (n=13) reported the beneficial impact on BMI, higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, protein, calcium and a lower consumption of sweets and sugar sweetened beverages, family union and self-regulation of appetite. Conclusions: having daily family mealtime has beneficial effect on the nutritional status and children and adolescents' eating behavior.


Resumo Objetivos: revisar a prevalência da prática de refeições em família e seu impacto no IMC e no comportamento alimentar durante a infância e adolescência. Métodos: revisão nas bases Bireme / Lilacs / Scielo / Cochrane e Pubmed, entre 2000 a 2016, com descritores "refeição em família", "comportamento", "alimentação ou dieta ou ingestão alimentar" e "criança/adolescentes"; realizada por dois examinadores independentes e segundo etapas sistemáticas, em inglês e português. Foram selecionados trabalhos que apresentassem a prevalência e/ou discussão de relações entre variáveis nutricionais. Foram encontrados 2319 artigos, dos quais 15 foram selecionados, todos na língua inglesa: revisões sistemáticas (n=2), estudos transversais (n=8), estudos longitudinais (n=8); todos com crianças (n=5), adolescentes (n=6) e ambos (n=5). Resultados: a média de compartilhamento de refeições foi de 1x/dia, com prevalência de 27 a 81%. A maioria dos estudos (n=13) descreveu impacto benéfico sobre o IMC, maior consumo de FLV, proteínas, fontes de cálcio e menor consumo de doces e bebida adoçadas, união familiar e auto regulação do apetite. Conclusões: a realização das refeições em família diariamente exerce efeito benéfico sobre o estado nutricional e comportamento alimentar de crianças e adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Family , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Meals , Obesity/prevention & control , Diet , Pediatric Obesity
8.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 26(3): 316-322, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-843505

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare data on nutritional awareness regarding FV among adolescents from five Brazilian regions, according to demographics, physical activity levels, screen time and BMI METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 1.190 males aged 10-12 in five Brazilian regions, enrolled in a football tournament, with parental consent. BMI, weekly physical activity and daily screen time in minutes, awareness of FV recommendations in daily servings and recognition of food groups, home region, and residents of the household were obtained through self-administered questionnaire, adapted from a previously validated tool. ANOVA, Spearman correlation and chi-squared tests were performed, with a significance level of 5% RESULTS: Analysis showed 29% of overweight and obesity, less than 2 hours of daily screen time (70%) and insufficient levels of weekly physical activity (mean 226 minutes). Most (95%) lived with parents and with siblings (73%). About 29% of the sample were aware of FV recommendations and 60% recognized food groups. Awareness was not associated with BMI (p = 0.95), home region (p = 0,88), physical activity (p = 0.21), screen time (p = 0.46) or housing characteristics (p = 0.33 CONCLUSIONS: Data found on awareness of food groups are consistent with national and international studies, suggesting patterns of poor awareness worldwide. To our knowledge, there are no other Brazilian reports of level of awareness on recommendations of FV in this age group. The importance of behavioral interventions is acknowledged for stimulating healthy habits, which renders the results useful for the development of educational activities for this age group in Brazil


OBJETIVO: Identificar os padrões alimentares (PA) e sua relação com segurança alimentar e estado nutricional de pré-escolares MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 308 crianças entre 24 e 48 meses de idade atendidas em creches municipais de Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por questionário de frequência alimentar e analisado por meio de seus componentes principais. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo indicador IMC/idade e a situação de insegurança alimentar (IA) foi classificada pela pontuação da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar RESULTADOS: Identificou-se cinco PA: "Ocidental", "Frutas, verduras e legumes", "Prudente", "Lácteo" e "Tradicio- nal". Os pré-escolares com padrão "Ocidental" tem menores chances (OR:0,51; IC95%:0,27-0,98) de estarem em IA moderada e grave; contudo, a qualidade da alimentação está comprometida, caracterizando o IA leve. Enquanto as crianças com dieta "Tradicional" estão fortemente relacionadas às famílias que recebem benefício social e ao excesso de peso infantil (p < 0,05 CONCLUSÕES: PA "Ocidental" e "Tradicional" são qualitativa e quantitativamente inadequados, independente da condição de renda familiar e escolaridade materna. Assim, ações públicas que combatam padrões alimentares desfavoráveis à saúde são urgentes para prevenção de doenças crônicas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise , Feeding Behavior , Food and Nutrition Education , Eating , Fruit , Plants , Anthropometry , Life Style , Overweight , Data Interpretation, Statistical
9.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 26(3): 331-340, 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-843507

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To present the results of the implementation of a multidisciplinary approach to feeding difficulties in childhood and adolescence in a reference service METHODS: The protocol was designed for outpatient patients aged from zero to 19 years old, with complaints of feeding difficulties and without psychiatric diagnoses, with signed parental consent. The protocol consists of paediatrician, speech therapist and nutritionist assessment in the same appointment, with common observation of evaluations and following multidisciplinary discussion. Diagnoses were categorized according Kerzner et al , and parenting styles according to Hughes20. Statistical analysis was conducted via SPSS v21 through frequency distribution (%), mean ± standard deviation, Chi-square test and ANOVA. Significance level was considered at 5% RESULTS: Sample consisted of 56 children, 67.9% of males, most (75%) younger than 5 years old. The most frequent diagnosis was selectivity (30%). There was association between diagnoses and organic diseases in 30%. Start of complaints occurred at 18 months old. Speech-therapy alterations were detected mostly in speech (29%) and oral-motor skills (32%). Anthropometric assessment showed average normal growth patterns and average dietary assessment of protein intake derived from dairy products was above recommendations (18g/day CONCLUSIONS: Results herein justify the presence of the multidisciplinary team in monitoring feeding difficulties in childhood and adolescence, and highlight the importance of longitudinal research nationwide


OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados da implantação do serviço de referência em atendimento multidisciplinar exclusivo para dificuldades alimentares na infância e adolescência MÉTODO: Protocolo idealizado para assistência ambulatorial de pacientes entre zero e 19 anos com queixas de dificuldades alimentares, sem diagnósticos psiquiátricos e com consentimento dos pais por escrito. O protocolo consiste no atendimento de pediatra, fonoaudióloga e nutricionista na mesma consulta, com observação dos atendimentos e discussão multiprofissional posterior. Os diagnósticos foram categorizados segundo Kerzner et al, e estilos parentais segundo Hughes et al20. A análise estatística foi realizada via SPSS v21, através de frequência de distribuição (%), média ± desvio padrão, teste Qui-quadrado e ANOVA. Foi considerado nível de significância em 5% RESULTADOS: Obteve-se amostra final de 56 crianças, 67,9% do sexo masculino, menores de 5 anos (75%). O diagnóstico mais frequente foi o de seletividade alimentar (30%). Em 30% dos casos houve associação a alterações orgânicas. O aparecimento da queixa ocorreu, em média, aos 18 meses. Foram detectadas alterações fonoaudiológicas na fala (29%) e motricidade oral (32%). A avaliação antropométrica revelou média de eutrofia, e a dietética identificou ingestão de proteínas lácteas acima das recomendações (18g/dia CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados justificam a necessidade da equipe multiprofissional no acompanhamento da dificuldade alimentar na infância e adolescência, e evidenciam a importância da continuidade do tema em pesquisas longitudinais em âmbito nacional


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Eating , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Feeding Behavior , Nutrition Assessment , Anthropometry , Data Interpretation, Statistical
10.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 26(2): 243-252, 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-797817

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Obesity affects more than half of the adult population and correlates with the development of chronic and psychosocial diseases. The consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is a protective factor for obesity, but their consumption is often below the recommendations. OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of fruit consumption in human development cycles, as well as the data on the association of fruit consumption with excess weight in Brazil. METHODS: A non-systematic literature review on the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases for the period 2005 to 2015. A total of 23 studies were selected in the English and Portuguese languages, according to the study design and population group. Only cohorts and cross sections studies in Brazil were selected. Appropriate FV consumption was considered to be 400 g/day or a frequency of 5 servings/day (3 servings/day of fruits), and overweight was evaluated according to each age group and development cycle. RESULTS: The average consumption for pregnant women was found to be 350 g/day; an inverse relationship was found between total fibre consumption and gestational weight gain. The average consumption of FV for children and adolescents has remained between 30% and 40%, consumption falling with increasing age. Vigitel data between 2006 and 2014 shows an increase in the prevalence of adequate consumption of FV for adults and seniors according to gender, age and education. Appropriate consumption tripled during this period. There was an association between fruit consumption and weight loss, increased risk of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and presence of metabolic syndrome (SM). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of adequate consumption of FV is low in all regions of Brazil and among all age groups, the highest prevalence is among women and increases with the advance of age, higher education level and higher socioeconomic status. Adequate fruit consumption correlates to weight loss and/or weight gain control of individuals.


INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade atinge mais da metade da população adulta brasileira e se correlaciona com o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas e psicossociais. O consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) é fator de proteção para obesidade, porém seu consumo está frequentemente abaixo das recomendações. OBJETIVO: Identificar a situação de consumo de frutas no Brasil nos ciclos de desenvolvimento humano, bem como dados de associação do consumo com excesso de peso. MÉTODO: Revisão de literatura não sistemática nas bases de dados BVS, do período de 2005 a 2015. Foram selecionados 23 trabalhos em língua portuguesa e inglesa, segundo desenho e grupo populacional. Foram selecionados apenas coortes e cortes transversais realizados no Brasil. Foi considerado consumo de FLV adequado de 400g/dia ou frequência de 5 porções/dia (3 porções/dia de frutas), e excesso de peso segundo cada faixa etária e ciclo de desenvolvimento. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: O consumo médio encontrado para gestantes foi de 350g/dia. Foi encontrada relação inversa entre o consumo de fibras totais e o ganho ponderal gestacional. A média de consumo adequado de crianças e adolescentes se manteve entre 30 e 40%, com redução de consumo conforme aumento da idade. Dados da Vigitel entre 2006 e 2014 demonstram aumento na prevalência de consumo adequado de FLV por adultos e idosos conforme sexo, idade e escolaridade. O consumo adequado triplicou neste período. Houve associação entre o consumo de frutas e a perda de peso, risco aumentado de obesidade, obesidade abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia e presença de SM. CONCLUSÕES: Há evidências de baixas prevalências de consumo adequado de FLV em todas as regiões do Brasil e grupos etários, maiores entre as mulheres e conforme o avanço da idade, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico. O consumo adequado de frutas se correlaciona à perda de peso e/ou controle do ganho ponderal dos indivíduos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Fabaceae , Eating , Fruit , Prevalence , Vegetables , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dietary Fiber , Obesity , Risk Factors
11.
Rev. CEFAC ; 17(3): 1004-1011, May-Jun/2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-751491

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo relata o caso clínico de paciente de dois anos e seis meses atendida por equipe multidisciplinar. A paciente apresentou dificuldades alimentares caracterizadas por recusa alimentar, tempo prolongado das refeições, defesa sensório-oral, reflexo de vômito anteriorizado e dificuldade mastigatória. Não se alimentava sozinha, nem participava das refeições em família. Apresentava refluxo gastroesofágico, alergia a proteína do leite de vaca e tosse seguida por vômito. Não apresentou comprometimento pondero-estatural. Foi utilizado o Programa de Refeição Compartilhada. Após acompanhamento médico, a conduta de trabalho foi definida e iniciada pelo trabalho sensório-oral, seguido do trabalho com a mastigação, associados ao trabalho de orientação familiar. A paciente passou a realizar as refeições com a família e participar das rotinas sociais de alimentação. O tempo de refeição foi reduzido e a recusa alimentar eliminada. Os aspectos sensório-motores-orais melhoraram significantemente. Após a alta e reavaliação em três meses, apresentou melhora no refluxo gastro-esofágico e a medicação foi suprimida. A nutricionista iniciou a introdução de derivados do leite, com boa aceitação por parte da paciente. O programa utilizado mostrou-se eficaz para o diagnóstico e tratamento da dificuldade alimentar apresentada pela paciente. A equipe multidisciplinar foi capaz de ter uma visão ampliada da dificuldade alimentar apresentada pela paciente, compreendendo as questões motoras, orais, orgânicas e nutricionais da alimentação da criança inseridas no seu contexto familiar.


The article reports the case study of a two year and six month old female patient, attended by a multidisciplinary team. Patient presented feeding difficulties such as food refusal, long lasting meals, oral-sensory defensiveness, anterior vomiting reflex and difficulties in chewing. She did not feed herself nor took part in family mealtimes. Presented gastro esophageal reflux, allergy to cow's milk protein and coughs followed by vomiting, without impairment of weight or height. The Mealtime Partners Program was method of treatment choice. After treatment of medical issues, the working method was established and initiated with oral sensory development, followed by chewing development and associated to family counseling. Patient started having meals with the family and taking part in social mealtime routines. Duration of meals diminished and food refusal was eliminated. Motor-oral system patterns improved significantly. Reassessment in 3 months showed reduction in gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and medication was removed. The nutritionist introduced dairy products with good acceptance. The Mealtime Partners Program, proved to be effective in the diagnosis and treatment of the feeding difficulties presented. The multidisciplinary team had a broad view of feeding difficulties presented by the patient, comprising motor, oral, organic and nutritional issues of feeding regarding the child's family background.

12.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 23(3): 488-496, May-June 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676282

ABSTRACT

The anti-inflammatory and apoptotic activity of the essential oil of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Myrtaceae, leaves was investigated in vivo. The anti-inflammatory action and chronic granulomatous inflammation in BALB/c mice, intravenously infected with Mycobacterium bovis, BCG, (Bacillo Calmet Guerim), was judged by measuring and classifying the granulomas formed in the hepatic parenchyma. The degree of apoptosis in the inflammatory cells was also measured. A reduction in the granulomatous area and a change in the pattern of the granulomas were found. Anti-mycobacterial activity of the essential oil against M. bovis was detected in vitro by an interferometric method in liquid culture medium. The chemical constituents of the essential oil were determined by GC/MS. Higher yields of the essential oil of S. cumini leaves were obtained by extraction in a Clevenger apparatus when the fresh leaves were previously frozen as a pre-processing step. The essential oil obtained from this plant demonstrated a statistically significant and dramatic effect in the chosen model system.

13.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 22(5): 1011-1017, Sept.-Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649647

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is an infection of viscera or tegument caused by protozoa Leishmania sp. The extensive period required for the treatment, which involves the use of toxic medicines, leads patients to drop treatment increasing the development of resistant forms of Leishmania sp. Lantana camara L., Verbenaceae, is a tropical plant native from America. Folk uses have been described for treatment of tumors, tetanus, rheumatism and malaria. This study evaluates the leishmanicidal activity of the essential oil of leaves from L. camara on promastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi and L. amazonensis and its toxic effects on Artemia salina (brine shrimp test), macrophage cultures and BALB/c mice. The chemical composition was evaluated using the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Thirty substances, mostly mono and sesquiterpenes were identified. The most representative constituents were: germacrene D (24.90%), farnesene derivatives (22%) and (E)-cariophylene (14.31%). Bioassays revealed a significant leishmanicidal activity of essential oil against L. amazonensis (IC50 0.25 µg/ mL) and a potential toxic effect on Brine shrimp (LC50 10 µg/mL) and macrophage assays (CC50 4 µg/mL), while there was no toxic manifestation on mice. The data show the relevant potential of L. camara as a source of medicine for leishmaniasis treatment.

14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(5): 617-619, Aug. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-597723

ABSTRACT

The presence of intestinal helminths can down-regulate the immune response required to control mycobacterial infection. BALB/c mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis following an infection with the intestinal helminth Strongyloides venezuelensis showed reduced interleukin-17A production by lung cells and increased bacterial burden. Also, small granulomas and a high accumulation of cells expressing the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 were observed in the lung. These data suggest that intestinal helminth infection could have a detrimental effect on the control of tuberculosis (TB) and render coinfected individuals more susceptible to the development of TB.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , /biosynthesis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology , Mycobacterium Infections/immunology , Mycobacterium bovis/immunology , Strongyloides/immunology , Strongyloidiasis/immunology , Bacterial Load/methods , Coinfection , Coinfection/immunology , Coinfection/pathology , Disease Susceptibility , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Lung , Lung , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mycobacterium Infections , Mycobacterium Infections/pathology , Strongyloidiasis , Strongyloidiasis/pathology
15.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 41(1): 118-127, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-587622

ABSTRACT

Um estímulo visual (letra, palavra ou objeto) pode ter um efeito duradouro sobre o processamento de estímulos subsequentes. Neste trabalho, investigamos o efeito priming de figuras de mãos humanas (esquerda/direita, vista palmar/dorsal) sobre o Tempo de Reação Manual (TRM) em uma tarefa usando as mesmas figuras como estímulo alvo. Os pares de figuras podiam ser iguais ou não, de acordo com parâmetros como lateralidade ou vista. Três experimentos foram realizados (lateralidade, vista e cor). Neles, a figura de uma mão não-informativa era apresentada por 200 ms no centro de uma tela de computador. Após 1000ms, uma segunda mão era apresentada no mesmo local até a resposta, a qual consistia em pressionar o interruptor esquerdo ou o direito dependendo da lateralidade (Exp. I), da vista(Exp. II) ou da cor (Exp. III) do estímulo alvo. Os resultados mostraram que a apresentação prévia da figura de uma mão influencia o TRM ao segundo estímulo apenas quando a seleção da resposta é baseada em uma característica corporal (lateralidade ou vista).


The previous presentation of a visual stimulus (letter, word, and object) can have a lasting effect on the visual processing of subsequent stimuli. Here, we investigated the priming effect of drawings of the human hand (left/right hand, back/palm view) on the Manual Reaction Times (MRT) in a task using the same drawings as test stimuli. In a given trial, the two drawings could be matched (or not) for parameters such as laterality or view. Three experiments were performed exploring combinations of the parameters above. In all experiments, a non-informative drawing appeared for 200ms in a computer display and 1000ms later a second drawing appeared at the same location and remained on until the right or left switch was pressed to indicate the laterality (Exp. I), view (Exp. II) or color(Exp. III) of the target stimulus. The results show that presentation of the picture of a human hand influences MRTs to the second stimulus only when response selection is based on a body feature (handedness or view).


Un estímulo visual (letra, palabra o objeto) puede tener un efecto duradero en el procesamiento de los estímulos posteriores. En este estudio, hemos investigado el efecto priming de las figuras de manos humanas (izquierda/derecha, vista palmar/dorsal) en el Tiempo de Reacción Manual (TRM) en una tarea utilizando las mismas figuras como estímulo objetivo. Los pares de figuras pueden ser iguales o no, de acuerdo a parámetros tales como la lateralidad y vista. Tres experimentos se llevaron a cabo (lateralidad, vista y color). En los experimentos, la figura de una mano non informativa se presentó durante 200 ms en el centro de una pantalla del computador. Después de 1000 ms, una segunda mano se presentó en el mismo lugar hasta una respuesta la cual consistia en presionar un interruptor izquierdo o uno derecho dependiendo de la lateralidad (Exp. I), de la vista (Exp. II), o del color (Exp. III) del estímulo objetivo. Los resultados mostraron que la presentación previa de la figura de una mano influencia en el TRM para el segundo estímulo sólo cuando la selección de respuesta se basa en una característica corporal (lateralidad o vista).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Memory , Recognition, Psychology
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